General Hong Hi Choi

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  www.staffs-higashi.org.uk/rthoughts.htm - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 6/27/2006    Last Visited: 10/7/2007  

  Hong Hi Choi, Founder of Taekwon-Do

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  www.woodtkd.co.uk/history.html - [Cached Version]
  Last Visited: 2/15/2009  

  It was under Han Il Dong in the 1930s that Choi, the future "Father of Taekwondo," began his martial arts instruction (Dong was Choi's calligraphy instructor, and began teaching Tae Kyon to Choi because the youth was so frail).
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  It was under Han Il Dong in the 1930s that Choi, the future "Father of Taekwondo," began his martial arts instruction (Dong was Choi's calligraphy instructor, and began teaching Tae Kyon to Choi because the youth was so frail).
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  After two years of "concentrated training," Choi gained his 1st Dan. He then went on to the University of Tokyo where he continued his training and gained his 2nd Dan, after which he taught Shotokan Karate at the Tokyo YMCA. When the Second World War began, Choi was "forced to enlist in the Japanese army."
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  Following his release from prison and commission in the Korean Army, Hong Hi Choi rapidly rose through the ranks, possibly aided by his martial arts experience. In 1948, Maj. Choi became the martial arts instructor for the American Military Police School in Seoul and in 1949, Col. Choi visited the Ft. Riley Ground General School in Kansas, where he gave a public demonstration of Korean karate.
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  In 1953-1954, Gae Byang Yun founded the Ji Do Kwan (a.k.a. Jee Do Kwan), Byung Chik Ro founded the Song Moo Kwan (a.k.a. Sang Moo Kwan), and Hong Hi Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan ("Gym of My Way") with the help of Tae Hi Nam.
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  Choi. In 1959, Choi toured the Far East with his top nineteen black belts. In that same year, he published his first work on Taekwondo, entitled Taekwon-Do Guidelines.
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  Taekwondo entered Thailand, Malaysia and Hong Kong in 1962-1963 and in 1964, Chong Lee introduced Taekwondo to Canada. In 1965, Choi led a goodwill Taekwondo mission to West Germany, Italy, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Singapore and in 1966, Park Jong Soo introduced Taekwondo to the Netherlands.
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  A goodwill trip to North Korea by a Taekwondo demonstration team caused Choi "to fall from grace in the eyes of the South Korean government." He resigned as the President of the KTA in 1966 and founded the International Taekwon-do Federation (ITF) on Mar. 22. He then moved the ITF headquarters to Canada.
  
  Taekwondo slowly made its way into the United States. In 1946- 1947, Hong Hi Choi taught martial arts to both Koreans and Americans stationed at Tae-Jon. In 1952, Tae Hi Nam was stationed in Ft. Benning, Georgia, and received a lot of publicity when he demonstrated before military troops and the public. In 1959, Maj. Gen. Choi attended a "modern weapon familiarization course" in Texas, and used his extra time to visit several Taekwondo schools there, including Jhoon Rhee's.
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  In June, 1963, Choi hosted a demonstration at the U.N. Headquarters in New York City and four years later, on Nov. 26, 1967, the U.S. Taekwon-do Association was formed. The USTA was superseded in 1974 by the U.S. Taekwon-do Federation (USTF).[] Korean & American Karate:
  
  Until the 1960s, Taekwondo was essentially the same as Shotokan Karate. "The modern karate of Korea," according to Sihak Henry Cho, "with very little influence from tae kyun, was born with the turn of the 20th century when it was imported directly from China and also from Okinawa through Japan." "Tae-kwon do," he claimed, "is identical to Japanese karate....
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  The Taekwondo unity that Choi had achieved early in the 1960s soon disintegrated.
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  Choi while the WTF began using the Palgue forms, although the WTF later abandoned the Palgues as well, and focussed on the Tae-guek forms.

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  www.taekwondo-web.com/eng/news/news/May_24_2002.htm - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 1/1/2002    Last Visited: 11/30/2006  

  It is reported that the president of International Taekwon-Do Federation, Choi Hong Hi will attends this meeting.

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  www.learn-practical-self-defense.com/Martial-Arts-Quest - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 3/10/2008    Last Visited: 3/10/2008  

  This affiliation became known as the Korea Taekwondo Association and General Hong-Hi Choi was elected its inaugural president.

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  www.allstarmartialartswellington.com/style.html - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 4/27/2008    Last Visited: 4/27/2008  

  General Hong-Hi Choi was elected its president.

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  www.lightningtkd.co.uk/3.html - [Cached Version]
  Last Visited: 12/21/2008  

  In 1965 the Korean martial art's umbrella organization changed its name to the Tae Kwon Do Association under the recommendation of General Choi Hong Hi. On March 22nd 1966 Choi Hong Hi founded the International Tae Kwon Do Federation (ITF).Soon Tae Kwon Do gained the full support of the Korean government and was made the national sport of Korea.

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  tae.asite4hosting.com/8.html - [Cached Version]
  Last Visited: 9/15/2008  

  Hong Choi, founder of the International Tae Kwon do Federation, and the O Do Kwan System, and Grandmaster Whang Kee founder of modern Tang Soo Do.

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  A history of taekwondo - Budosport Capelle Taekwondo... - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 8/19/2006    Last Visited: 11/2/2007  

  At least nine Koreans trained in Japan: Yong-Shul Choi, Geka Yung, Hyung-Ju Cho, Won-Kuk Lee, Pyong-Chik Ro, Hong-Hi Choi, Yong-i Choi, Ki-Whang Kim, and Pyung-In Yun.
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  Hong-Hi Choi (b. 1918) and Yong-i Choi (b. 1923) both went to Japan in the late 1930s, earned their second dan in karate-do before being drafted into the Japanese army in 1943, and later became famous karateka ("karate experts").
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  Hong-Hi Choi went to Japan in 1938, earned his second dan in karate-do at Tokyo University, and then taught at the Y.M.C.A. in Tokyo.After the war he returned to Korea and later became known as the "father" of t'aekwondo.
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  As late as 1965, Hong-Hi Choi (the "Father of Taekwon-Do") was still teaching Shorin-ryu and Shorei-ryu forms (including Heian 1-5, Empi, Rohai, Bassai, Kusanku, Jion, Tekki 1-3, Hangetsu, and Jitte) along with his own forms, called the Ch'ang Hon set.
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  They were certainly gone in 1981 when Karl Nicoletti visited the D.P.R.K. with a demonstration team led by Hong-Hi Choi and Chuck Sereff.
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  Hong-Hi Choi founded the Odokwan in 1953, supported by Tae-Hi Nam.
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  The Subakdo Association, after its rejection by K.A.S.A., turned to Hong-Hi Choi for political support.A conference between the two groups took place in Sept. 1959, which resulted in the creation of the new organization.When Hee-Il Cho (b. 1940) joined the army in 1961 as a fourth dan in tangsudo, he became a t'aesudo instructor and learned the Ch'ang Hon forms designed by Gen.
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  Hong-Hi Choi as its new president, since Choi's support of the coup had garnered him much influence with the new military government.
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  Hong-Hi Choi, then a retired two-star general and ambassador to Malaysia, had himself introduced t'aesudo to Malaysia in 1962.
  
  Internationalization efforts became even more fervent after the Tokyo Olympics of 1964.On Aug. 5, 1965, the K.T.A. was renamed the Korean Taekwondo Association and in that same year, Hong-Hi Choi led a "Good-Will Mission of Taekwon-Do" on a tour of fourteen countries.
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  In response, the International Taekwon-Do Federation (I.T.F.) was founded on Mar. 22, 1966, with Hong-Hi Choi appointed as president of the new organization.
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  A schism between Hong-Hi Choi and the K.T.A. appeared in 1973.
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  Hong-Hi Choi publicly denounced R.O.K. President Chung-Hee Park in September, 1977, claiming that that Park was "using Taekwon-Do for his political ends."

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  Complete Martial Arts.com - Hong Hi Choi - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 2/16/2006    Last Visited: 5/15/2009  

  HONG HI CHOI
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  General Choi started to study Taek Kyon, an ancient Korean method of fighting with the feet, at the age of 12. Later, when he was studying in Japan, he met a Karate teacher who helped him earn his first degree Black Belt in less than two years. He then intensified his training, striving to earn his second degree. Around the same time, he started teaching.
  
  Conscripted into the Japanese army during World War II, he was posted to Pyongyang where he was imprisoned. Wanting to maintain his good physical and mental health during his imprisonment, he practiced karate, alone at first, then by teaching it to the staff of the prison and the other prisoners.
  
  Becoming an officer in the new Korean Army after the end of the war, he continued to teach his martial art to his soldiers as well as to American soldiers serving in Korea.
  
  His beliefs and his vision of a different approach to teaching martial arts led General Choi to combine elements of Taek Kyon and Karate techniques to develop a modern martial art. He called it Tae Kwon Do, which means "the way of the feet and the hands", and this name was officially adopted on April 11th, 1955.
  
  In 1959, General Choi was named President of the Korean Taekwon-Do Association. Seven years later, on March 22nd,1966, he created the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF). As the Founder of Taekwon-Do and President of the ITF, he had the ability to share his art with students everywhere. Today, Taekwon-Do training is available around the world.
  
  After a life dedicated to the development of Taekwon-Do, a modern martial art based on traditional values, philosophy, and training, General Choi, Founder of Taekwon-Do and President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation, died of cancer on June 15th, 2002, in the country of his birth.

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  Custom - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 3/1/1999    Last Visited: 8/16/2006  

  Hong-Hi Choi in the 1960s was continued by the W.T.F. in the 1970s, which resulted in the introduction of t'aekwondo into the 1988 and 1992 Olympics as a demonstration sport.
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  At least nine Koreans trained in Japan: Yong-Shul Choi, Geka Yung, Hyung-Ju Cho, Won-Kuk Lee, Pyong-Chik Ro, Hong-Hi Choi, Yong-i Choi, Ki-Whang Kim, and Pyung-In Yun.
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  Choi later returned to Korea and taught yusul (jujutsu), which one of his students, Ji-Han Jae, later called hapkido ("coordinated energy way").
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  Hong-Hi Choi (b. 1918) and Yong-i Choi (b. 1923) both went to Japan in the late 1930s, earned their second dan in karate-do before being drafted into the Japanese army in 1943, and later became famous karateka ("karate experts").
  ...
  Hong-Hi Choi went to Japan in 1938, earned his second dan in karate-do at Tokyo University, and then taught at the Y.M.C.A. in Tokyo.After the war he returned to Korea and later became known as the "father" of t'aekwondo.
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  As late as 1965, Hong-Hi Choi (the "Father of Taekwon-Do") was still teaching Shorin-ryu and Shorei-ryu forms (including Heian 1-5, Empi, Rohai, Bassai, Kusanku, Jion, Tekki 1-3, Hangetsu, and Jitte) along with his own forms, called the Ch'ang Hon set.
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  They were certainly gone in 1981 when Karl Nicoletti visited the D.P.R.K. with a demonstration team led by Hong-Hi Choi and Chuck Sereff.
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  Hong-Hi Choi founded the Odokwan in 1953, supported by Tae-Hi Nam.The new kwan was based upon the principles used by the Ch'ongdokwan (which Choi also commanded in late 1954).After Choi fell into disfavor in the R.O.K. in the mid-1970s, official histories of the World Taekwondo Federation (W.T.F.) began giving Tae-Hi Nam -- whom Choi called "his righthand man in 1954" -- sole credit for the founding of the Odokwan. The t'aekwondo movement began in 1955, when a conference of masters assembled on Apr. 11 to again attempt to unify kongsudo.According to both Choi and Duk-Sung Son, the conference chose the name of t'aekwondo ("smashing-kick fist way").Aside from Maj.-Gen.Choi, the other members of the board were Hwa-Chung Yoo, Duk-Sung Son, Gen.Hyung-Kun Lee, Kyun-Kyu Cho, Sen.
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  Choi claims the name was chosen on Apr. 11, 1955, while Son claims it was chosen at the first meeting of the Ch'ongdokwan board of directors on Dec. 19, 1955.
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  Choi emerged as the new leader of Korean karate-do.His style of t'aesudo derived much of its power through its association with the military.All Korean men were required to serve three years in the military, and the military taught t'aesudo, not tangsudo.The Korean T'aesudo Association (K.T.A.) was founded in 1959, with the help of Gen.Choi.The Subakdo Association, after its rejection by K.A.S.A., turned to Hong-Hi Choi for political support.A conference between the two groups took place in Sept. 1959, which resulted in the creation of the new organization.When Hee-Il Cho (b. 1940) joined the army in 1961 as a fourth dan in tangsudo, he became a t'aesudo instructor and learned the Ch'ang Hon forms designed by Gen.Choi.As a result, he is today known as one of the foremost t'aekwondo instructors.The influence of the military had always been quite strong in the martial arts community, and Choi reaped the benefits of that influence.
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  Hong-Hi Choi as its new president, since Choi's support of the coup had garnered him much influence with the new military government.
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  Hong-Hi Choi, then a retired two-star general and ambassador to Malaysia, had himself introduced t'aesudo to Malaysia in 1962. Internationalization efforts became even more fervent after the Tokyo Olympics of 1964.On Aug. 5, 1965, the K.T.A. was renamed the Korean Taekwondo Association and in that same year, Hong-Hi Choi led a "Good-Will Mission of Taekwon-Do" on a tour of fourteen countries.
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  In response, the International Taekwon-Do Federation (I.T.F.) was founded on Mar. 22, 1966, with Hong-Hi Choi appointed as president of the new organization.Under the I.T.F., t'aekwondo was spread to the Netherlands (1966), Taiwan (1967), the United Kingdom (1967), and elsewhere.1967 marks the apex of Gen.Choi's career in Korea, since it was in that year that he invited Masutatsu Oyama, by then one of the most famous karateka in Japan, to come to Seoul to discuss eventually changing Oyama's Kyokushinkai karate-do to t'aekwondo. T'aekwondo continued to gain in importance in Korea in the 1970s.Construction of the Kukkiwon, the Seoul headquarters of the t'aekwondo, began on Nov. 19, 1971, and the building was inaugurated on Nov. 30, 1972.On Feb. 14, 1972, t'aekwondo became a part of the official curriculum of Korea's primary schools.It entered the middle school curricula on Aug. 31 and on Dec. 5, the National High School and Middle School T'aekwondo Federation was established, followed by the National Collegiate T'aekwondo Federation on Dec. 28, 1972. A schism between Hong-Hi Choi and the K.T.A. appeared in 1973.Choi planned to move to Toronto in 1974, and take the I.T.F. headquarters with him.Young-Wun Kim (President of the K.T.A.) was dismayed by this move, because he believed that the international headquarters of t'aekwondo should remain in Korea.
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  Choi responded by having J.C.
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  Hong-Hi Choi publicly denounced R.O.K. President Chung-Hee Park in September, 1977, claiming that that Park was "using Taekwon-Do for his political ends."
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  Choi also made several peace overtures towards the D.P.R.K., and in 1981 he took a demonstration team of sixteen black belts to that country for ten days.While there, he met with not only his brother (whom he had not seen for more than twenty years) and one of his aunts, but also President Il-Sung Kim, who gave such audiences only on very rare occasions.Choi today is responsible for the spread of t'aekwondo to the D.P.R.K., and works for the re-unification of Korea.As a result of his work with North Korea, some South Koreans regard him as a traitor.
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  Hwang tried to link tangsudo with the Chinese-influenced art of subak, while Choi tied t'aekwondo to the indigenous art of t'aeggyon.

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