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Published on: 8/26/2008
Last Visited: 9/11/2008
Problem-solving techniques build brain flexibility, says Professor Robert Wood, director of the Australian Graduate School of Management's Accelerated Learning Laboratory.He favours methods that enable people to branch out in their thinking, but also to manage the process so that it doesn't get out of control.
"Exploration and learning is often a divergent process, but problem-solving and performing is often a convergent process.So, how do you manage both?"Wood likens it to playing a piano accordion: "You have to know when to take it out and when to bring it in.You have to diverge, explore possibilities and think about things, but in order to get stuff done, you also have to be able to converge at different points."
"Accordion" tools for Wood include schematics, fish-bone diagrams and mind-mapping."What we're really trying to do with knowledge is to work out what are the relevant chunks of knowledge and what are the relationships between them, because that's how we hold it all together."
Mind maps let people create the chunks and also see their relationship to each other."If you said to somebody, 'Here are 64 pieces of information', there is no way they could memorise them, or use them functionally," says Wood.
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In the 2003 book Expert Performance in Sports, researchers "found that the thing that differentiates the [most successful] from those who have just as much talent but just don't quite make it is that they fall over more often", Wood says, "the point being that what they are doing is constantly taking their knowledge and applying it, and pushing themselves, and experimenting.But presumably what they are doing after they say, 'Oh, bugger, that hurt' is that they reflect on what was it about that triple axle or whatever [that caused the fall], so they are using their knowledge not just to solve a routine problem but to push themselves."
Wood's young son recently provided another insight, as he sat calculating the numbers to see who would have to lose which [AFL games] by how much in order for the Sydney Swans to move up the results ladder. Says Wood: "It's that sort of thing, just taking knowledge and using it and applying it in different contexts, and reflecting on it, rather than just solving the existing problem ... It's that sort of cognitive flexibility, plasticity and knowledge, I'm sure, that leads people to be much more effective in the workplace."