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Published on: 9/30/2004
Last Visited: 9/30/2004
"It's a hard disease to diagnose," said Dr. Daron Street, a gynecologic oncologist with Cancer Care Associates in Tulsa."There's enough room in the abdomen that (tumors) can get quite large before a person knows it."
Women with ovarian cancer often experience symptoms such as gas, bloating, abdominal distention, shortness of breath, a feeling of fullness after eating a very small amount of food or bladder symptoms such as frequent urination, Street said.
These nonspecific symptoms are frequently diagnosed as other conditions.When they worsen or fail to get better with treatment, additional testing may be required to rule out ovarian cancer.
A combination of tests is often used to diagnose ovarian cancer, Street said.Among the tests used are a complete pelvic exam, an ultrasound of the pelvic region, a CT scan (a computerized X-ray test that produces cross-sectional images of the body and can reveal disease or abnormalities in tissue and bone) and a CA-125 blood test.
While the CA-125, which measures blood levels of a protein shed by cancer cells, is frequently cited as one of the top detection methods for ovarian cancer, it is not always reliable, Street said.
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Ovarian cancer is primarily a disease of older, usually post-menopausal women, but younger women occasionally develop it -- the late comedienne Gilda Radner was in her late 30s when diagnosed with the disease -- and those who have a familial predisposition often develop ovarian cancer 10 to 15 years earlier than the general population, Street said.
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Surgery to remove ovarian cancer tumors is commonly referred to as "debulking," because it attempts to remove the majority or bulk of the disease, Street said.
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Surviving ovarian cancer depends on many factors, Street said.The stage and grade of a patient's disease, how much of the tumor can be removed during surgery, how well chemotherapy works and just plain luck all affect the outcome.
Ninety percent to 95 percent of ovarian cancer patients whose disease is detected before it has spread outside the ovaries, will celebrate their five-year-survival mark.But only about a quarter of all ovarian cancers are found at this early stage.
Survival rate is even lower in women who have had a recurrence of the disease, Street said.