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Published on: 6/11/2006
Last Visited: 11/10/2008
"This is an important new research area," said A. Lynn Roberts, leader of a Johns Hopkins team that began a study to determine the scope of pharmaceutical pollution in the United States.
Roberts continued:
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For instance, Roberts pointed out that antidepressants work by altering levels of serotonin.
However, serotonin causes many aquatic creatures to spawn.
The result could be that prescription drugs may alter breeding cycles in the wild.
Further, drugs can have major impacts on developing fetuses in humans.
If small amounts showed up in drinking water, it could cause birth defects or other problems.
"Pharmaceuticals have high biological activity," Roberts said.
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The researchers studying pharmaceutical pollution at Johns Hopkins include Padma Venkatraman, a postdoctoral fellow; Lynn Roberts, associate professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering; and Michael Blumenfeld, an undergraduate chemistry major.
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"This is an important new research area," says A. Lynn Roberts (pictured at right), who heads the Johns Hopkins team.
"Over the past few years, scientists in Europe have found pharmaceuticals in natural waterways, sewage treatment effluents and even in drinking water.
Yet until this year there have been virtually no scientific studies examining this issue in the United States.
It's important that we begin to look at this because there are many ways in which pharmaceuticals in the environment could produce undesirable effects on aquatic organisms or even humans."
As an example, Roberts, an associate professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, pointed out that popular antidepressants work by altering levels of a neurotransmitter called serotonin.
But serotonin also causes many aquatic creatures to spawn.
As a result, pharmaceuticals in the wild could upset natural breeding cycles.
In humans, pregnant women are warned not to consume medications that could harm their developing fetus.
But what if small amounts of these drugs are present in drinking water?
"Pharmaceuticals have high biological activity," Roberts says.
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Undergraduate Michael Blumenfeld and Prof. Lynn Roberts use a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer to measure extremely small amounts of pharmaceuticals in water samples.
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Blumenfeld's test, developed in collaboration with Roberts and Venkatraman, will allow researchers in academic labs to test for the presence of particular drugs that may pose a problem in the environment.