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Published on: 10/9/2002
Last Visited: 3/16/2007
Washington, DC , H. Robert Horvitz, PhD, David H. Koch Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a member of the Society for Neuroscience, is one of three scientists awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Horvitz shares the award with Sydney Brenner, of the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences in La Jolla, Calif., and founder of the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, Calif., and Sir John E. Sulston, former director of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre at England's Cambridge University.
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Horvitz, who also is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, is credited with identifying many of the components of the biochemical cascade that mediate apoptosis in the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.Horvitz and his colleagues showed that two genes, ced-3 and ced-4 were required for cell death to occur in the worm, while another gene, ced-9, prevents it.
This "cell suicide" response can be triggered by normal developmental signals, disease-related deterioration or cell damage resulting from toxic exposure, low oxygen or traumatic injury.Once the pathway is activated, the cell's DNA is minced into fragments and the cell awaits engulfment and removal by macrophages, the immune system's "clean-up" crew.
Horvitz will present the Grass lecture at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Orlando, Fla.
His current research focuses on analyzing how the nervous system controls behavior and how genes specify the functioning of a neuromuscular system.