Dr. Jim Frederickson

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  www.earthmaker.com.au/cms/index.php?page=news - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 7/12/2007    Last Visited: 7/8/2008  

  The reason for the attention is that it seems to clash with the green agenda because Jim Frederickson, a senior research fellow at The Open University's Faculty of Technology, found that worms may not be as environmentally friendly as many think.
  
  Research shows that as worms munch through our kitchen scraps on the way to making compost for us, they give off nitrous oxide.It's not as famous as carbon dioxide in environmental concerns, but it is 296 times more powerful than CO2.
  
  Frederickson, says: "We know from research in Germany that a third of the nitrous oxide emissions coming from the soil are associated with worms.
  
  "What we found from looking at large worm composting systems is that their emissions could be comparable in global warming potential to the methane from landfill sites.
  
  "The amount of worm composting is very, very small and the amount of landfill is huge.But landfill sites are quite well run these days and it is possible to extract about half the gas they generate and use it for electricity generation.
  
  The research done at The Open University by Jim Frederickson and his colleagues was on large commercial worm composting beds where worms can emit much of the nitrogen in waste as damaging gas.
  
  As the Government wants to increase the amount of household waste that is composted and recycled to 40% in 2010 and is thinking about financial incentives for recycling and setting a new national target for the reduction of commercial and industrial waste going to landfill, it could mean more domestic and commercial worm composting.
  
  Jim Frederickson suggests "The amount of nitrous oxide emitted by large scale worm composting is something we should be looking at before we go further down that route."

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  www.cflzone.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=119534#119534 - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 6/25/2007    Last Visited: 7/22/2007  

  Jim Frederickson, the research director at the Composting Association has called for data on worms and composting to be re-examined after a German study found that worms produce greenhouse gases 290 times more potent than carbon dioxide.
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  People are looking into alternative waste treatments but we have to make sure that we are not jumping from the frying pan into the fire," said Frederickson.
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  Composting Association research director Jim Frederickson said: "Worms produce a significant amount of greenhouse gases.
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  "We have concentrated on getting waste out of landfill and into worm composting systems but they can actually produce more greenhouse gases than landfill sites produce," Frederickson said.
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  Although Frederickson says that worm composting is a positive thing, he claims that not enough research has been done on worms releasing polluting gases.
  
  Frederickson said: "Everybody loves them because they think they can do no harm but they contribute to global warming.

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  www.juliagorin.com/wordpress/?m=200706 - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 6/1/2007    Last Visited: 11/28/2007  

  Jim Frederickson, the research director at the Composting Association, has called for data on worms and composting to be re-examined after a German study found that worms produce greenhouse gases 290 times more potent than carbon dioxide. (Worms are being used commercially to compost organic material and is in preference to putting it into the landfill.)

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  www.compost.org.uk/content/view/542/307/text/javascript - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 5/14/2007    Last Visited: 6/30/2008  

  Jim Fredrickson Systems DisciplineFaculty of Technology,

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  www.freerepublic.com/focus/keyword?k=environment - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 6/28/2007    Last Visited: 6/28/2007  

  Composting Association research director Jim Frederickson said: "Worms produce a significant amount of greenhouse gases.
  ...
  Jim Frederickson, the research director at the Composting Association has called for data on worms and composting to be re-examined after a German study found that worms produce greenhouse gases 290 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

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  www.northstarwritersforum.com/showthread.php?s=f2b33d1b - [Cached Version]
  Last Visited: 3/31/2009  

  Jim Frederickson, the research director at the Composting Association has called for data on worms and composting to be re-examined after a German study found that worms produce greenhouse gases 290 times more potent than carbon dioxide

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  www.townhall.com/search.aspx?SearchWord=Herbert&SearchS - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 7/11/2007    Last Visited: 7/11/2007  

  In another possible example of the "Law of Unintended Consequences", we get this from Germany about the danger posed by composting and worms who contribute massive amounts of greenhouse gasses: Posted from ShortNews.com: Jim Frederickson, the research director at the Composting Association has called for data on worms and composting to be re-examined after a German study found that worms produce greenhouse gases 290 times more potent than carbon dioxide.Worms are being used commercially to compost organic material and is in preference to putting it into the landfill.The German government wants 45% of all waste to be composted by 2015."Everybody ... thinks they can do no harm but they contribute to global warming.People are looking into alternative waste treatments but we have to make sure that we are not jumping from the frying pan into the fire," said Frederickson.

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  www.compost.org.uk/content/view/742/345/ - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 10/22/2007    Last Visited: 6/30/2008  

  Jim Fredrickson, Open University

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  www.wigglywigglers.co.uk/podcasts/index.html?period=200 - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 1/1/2007    Last Visited: 8/18/2009  

  13 mins 58 secs Jim Frederickson on the problems of large scale vermicomposting
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  The Open University's Jim Frederickson visits the Wiggly Sofa to explain to Richard and Farmer Phil just what his research into the Nitrous Oxide given off by industrial scale worm composting really did show.
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  00 mins 00 secs Phil tells us about the farm, how the weather may affect food prices, and we introduce Jim 05 mins 40 secs Jim talks about worms, nitrous oxide and many other sciency things

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  i10.org.uk/news?page=15 - [Cached Version]
  Published on: 12/31/2007    Last Visited: 12/31/2007  

  The reason for the attention is that it seems to clash with the green agenda because Jim Frederickson, a senior research fellow at The Open University's Faculty of Technology, found that worms may not be as environmentally friendly as many think. [Read more ... ]

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