Ag News -
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Published on: 10/2/2000
Last Visited: 6/11/2001
So with the year 2000 upon us , Terry Donohue is continually being asked , Have we reached T on all soils.Did we succeed in reducing erosion to tolerable levels.
2000 is not a drop-dead date for reducing erosion to tolerable levels , cautioned Donohue , supervisor of the Office of Soil and Water Conservation with the Illinois Department of Agriculture.What's important is that we've seen steady progress..
This may sound like a prelude to bad news , but it's not.Although roughly 3 million acres of cropland in Illinois still suffer from erosion that exceeds tolerable levels , changes in farming since the 1970's have led to dramatic savings in soil.
To be specific , erosion has been brought within tolerable levels on about 5-1/2 million additional Illinois acres since the state erosion-control plan went into effect 17 years ago--not a bad record for a program that was purely voluntary and operated during a tough time in the farm economy , Donohue said.
In 1982 , about 14.7 million acres , or 59 percent of the cropland in Illinois , was within T levels.In 1998 , roughly 20 million acres , or 86 percent of the cropland , was within T.
The no-till revolutionWithout a doubt , the driving force behind the dramatic reduction in soil erosion has been conservation tillage.With conservation tillage , producers reduce the amount of plowing they do , leaving the ground covered with residue from the previous crop.
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But the troubling news , both nationally and statewide , is that the numbers for no-till have suddenly begun to stagnate , Donohue said.For no-till corn , the numbers are actually dropping.
The reason for the reversal in no-till trends is no mystery.Some farmers believe that corn yields are taking a hit with no-till because the heavy residue keeps the soil cooler and moister in early spring. ( No-till soybeans haven't been affected because soybeans are not as sensitive as corn to moisture and temperature differences. ).
To reverse the downward trend , U of I researchers are studying an alternative to traditional no-till corn that might provide a solution.
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With strip-till , we might just get back on track , Donohue noted.
What's nextHowever , reviving no-till corn is only one task facing conservationists and producers as they cross into a new millennium.According to Donohue , the state has set its target on other erosion culprits , such as streambank erosion.Powerful currents of water in streams and lakes can pound the banks , causing them to crumble like miniature avalanches of dirt.
These eroding banks make direct deposits of soil into our water.
Another priority , Donohue said , is to do more to stem gully erosion caused by concentrated flows of run-off water that cut deep gashes into the land.About 16 to 20 percent of the farm fields in Illinois still need some type of practice to handle concentrated flow , Donohue noted.
But although much remains to be done in mastering erosion , there is no denying the progress that has been made since the 20th Century began , both in management practices and in attitudes.
In 1900 , for instance , a Bureau of Soils bulletin revealed a dramatically different view of soil.It said , The soil is the one indestructible , immutable asset that the Nation possesses.It is the one resource that cannot be exhausted ; that cannot be used up..