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Published on: 5/1/2007
Last Visited: 5/6/2007
Contrary to popular belief, Cinco de Mayo is not the day of Mexican independence, ,which actually took place Sept. 16, 1810 , but it marks an important symbol of the continued struggle for autonomy within a divided country, said Ignacio Corona, associate professor in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at The Ohio State University, in a telephone interview."I think (Cinco de Mayo) speaks to many cultures, because they have at one time or another been under the rule of a colony or the object of an invasion," Corona said.At the time of the battle, the French were ruled by Maximilian of Habsburg and his wife, Carlotta, who were related to the aristocratic monarchs of Europe.He would later became Emperor of Mexico with the backing of Napoleon III."Mexico at the time was extremely divided and politically unstable due to civil wars between liberals and conservatives in Mexico," Corona said."All the time, there were rebellions, so the country was in very bad shape politically and economically."Mexican conservatives were also responsible for the invasion, Corona said, because they went to Europe to convince Maximilian and Carlotta to participate in Napoleon's plan to conquer Mexico.
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These conflicting interests led to bloody struggles between the two factions, and the French saw Mexico's weakness as an opportunity to take control, Corona said.
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The Mexican Army at the time had several disadvantages stacked against it , it was significantly smaller, with approximately 4,500 soldiers to the French's 6,000 , and consisted mostly of untrained volunteers, Corona said.Despite its size, the Mexicans triumphed because of their knowledge of the terrain and use of guerrilla warfare. Today, the city of Puebla continues to host parades and re-enactments to commemorate the day, Corona said. The means by which the holiday spread to America remains a subject of debate among scholars."One theory is connected to the fact that General Ignacio Zaragoza, who led the Mexicans into battle, was born in Texas," Corona said."Another possibility is that during the 1970s and 80s, this was seen as an opportunity to have a special days for thousands of Mexican children in the U.S. "Mostly though, I would say it was spread by marketing companies and restaurants promoting Mexican drinks and products," Corona added."Perhaps all three theories are interrelated."Corona said Cinco de Mayo remains an important part of a multicultural education in both Mexico and the states.